2018 - Page 3 of 6 - Cognibrain

How is Scientific Editing Different from Language Editing?

With a plethora of scientific editing services, you might wonder “What is scientific editing?”

As the name suggests, it is the editing of the scientific documents like research papers and medical manuscripts.

Majority of you hold an opinion that scientific editing means to correct the language errors in your research paper. Once you rectify the spelling mistakes, grammar, vocabulary, and punctuation errors in your research paper, you are done.

But, what if we tell you are wrong? If you think scientific editing is just correcting the language errors in your research paper, you are mistaken.

If you correct only the language errors in your research paper, it is only a part and is referred to as the language editing. Language editing ensures that your written text is grammatically correct. However, scientific editing goes a step further to improve the logic of the written text, sharpen your arguments, and remove any lapses in reasoning.

Scientific editing improves your research paper in a way that communicates your ideas clearly and transparently to your target audience, making them understand your thoughts well.

So, how does scientific editing helps your research paper?

Scientific editing:

Clarifies the purpose of your research paper to the target audience
Removes the language errors
Improves the way you organise the information in the text
Checks the accuracy of the reported facts
Makes your paper easy and interesting to read

With so many benefits in hand, are you still stuck with only language editing of your paper? Think again!

Formulation Research

What are the Secrets to Successful Drug Formulations?

Drug formulation is a process where various chemical substances are combined with the active drug to form a final medicinal product that is easy and safe for human consumption. It plays a pivotal role in the success of any pharmaceutical development program.

From the early stage preclinical studies to the late-stage clinical trials, formulation chemistry is used to design a safe and effective product. However, formulation chemistry is often overlooked during the early stages of drug development. Many companies delay their planning process to the later stages of drug development. This can lead to the costly delays or failure of pharmaceutical development programs.

In such a scenario, how can the commercial drug sponsors ensure a timely and cost-effective drug development program?

Here is the secret:

1) Ensure appropriate phase formulation

Whether you are developing a formulation for a preclinical or a clinical investigation, make sure that the dosage form is appropriate for the particular study phase. Consider the aim of each test and the characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.

For example, preclinical studies often use formulations in liquids or suspensions and are built for the animal they are being administered to. Since the animal’s gastrointestinal tract conditions can affect the performance of the formulation, it must be taken into account during the formulation development process.

Similarly, for clinical investigations, formulation development has to be more complex and appropriate for the human intake.

2) Have an integrated approach to save time and money

Effective formulations are necessary for all stages of drug development. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies can’t make design decisions on an ad hoc basis. They must centralize their formulation efforts around the needs of the specific phase of the study. Moreover, formulation development process must be supported by a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the study drug.

In simple words, know your active pharmaceutical ingredient early in the study. Greater your efforts to know the API, easier it will be to predict and plan for the potential development issues. Further, you will spend less time, resources and funding to solve the subsequent problems.

However, to ensure this information is used in the right way, there must be an open communication between the drug development teams. The pharmaceutical companies can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of their projects by following an integrated approach towards formulation development.

A formulation scientist must work closely with the drug discovery teams during API development and ensure that formulation is always an integral part of the development process. In this way, formulation decisions will always be based on what you want to achieve through your study and the program as a whole.

So, the success of drug development programs depends on robust formulation strategies at every stage of the process. By using an early integrated approach to formulation development, pharmaceutical sponsors can reduce risk, maximize efficiency and ensure that the products reach patients in the shortest possible time.

How to Optimize your Medical Research Manuscript for Search Engine

Scientific Communication

Medical Manuscript Writing – How to Write Search Engine Friendly Article?

Many journals now publish their articles online to increase their reach amongst the masses. A major part of their traffic comes from Google and other search engines. In such a scenario, you don’t have to write a medical manuscript favourable to the journal, but also to the search engines. The journals that publish the articles ensure their research content is visible and ranks high in the search results of Google and other engines. However, you can play your role by optimizing your medical research paper for the search engines, by helping people to find, read, and cite your work.

So, here are five tips to increase the discoverability of your medical article in the search engines.

1) Create a search engine friendly title

Till now, we have recommended writing a title that immediately tells the readers what your study is about. However, you should also optimise the title for search engines.

Include 1-2 keywords related to your topic. Place your keywords within the first 65 characters of your title.
Keep your title short, not exceeding 65 characters including spaces
Avoid using stop words in the title like a, an, the, am, is, can, and, but, or, if, then, etc.

2) Optimize the abstract of the manuscript

A good abstract is 150-200 words long, is well-structured, has a simple language, and reflects the key points and findings of your research. But, what if you have to write an abstract for the search engines as well?

Search engines normally display the first two sentences of your abstract. So, place all your important findings and keywords in the first two sentences of the abstract.
Use the keywords in your abstract, but don’t stuff them to make things complex. After all, the purpose of your abstract is to express the key points of your research in a clear and concise manner.

3) Use the keywords throughout your article

Besides the title and the abstract, use your keywords in the entire article as:

In your headings: Headings signal the search engines about the structure and content of your medical article, thus, increasing your rankings
Use keyword search tools like Google Trends and Google Adwords to search for the specific keywords
Check the keywords which other authors in your field use in their paper. Incorporate such keywords in your article
Use your keywords with caution. Let them flow naturally in your writing. Search engines hate too much keyword repetition or keyword stuffing and may penalize your article. This makes it difficult for the readers to find your article online

4) Be consistent

Maintain consistency throughout your paper regarding the spellings, language used, references, or author names.

5) Build links to your article

Promote your research on your social media channels and institutional sites by linking to your article. More the number of inbound links to your article, higher its value amongst the search engines.
Ask your colleagues to link to your article. Higher the number of links your article gets from the respected individuals/trusted sites, the more powerful will be its effect. However, don’t forget to return their favour by doing the same for their medical articles.

To increase the search engine visibility of your research paper, contact our medical article writing service expert.

Histology Services

Are you wasting your Time and Money on Substandard Histology Services?

You know the benefits of outsourcing your histology services. But, are you wasting your time and money on substandard histology services?

Probably Yes! Let’s look at the 4 signs of substandard histology services:

1) Limited training of histology technicians

Many laboratories train their technicians in only one area of histology. However, to ensure quality histology services, you need technicians trained in multiple domains.

2) Lack of a specific study protocol

If you give the histology lab a protocol that doesn’t address the specific areas of slide preparation, you may waste a lot of time in answering their questions. Plus, the lack of key information will affect the study results. So, provide the details of the tissues to process, stains to use and any specific areas to test in your histology lab.

3) Histology lab has no experience of GLP regulations

If the histology technicians aren’t well versed with GLP regulations, you may spend double the time and money on their services. So, check this before outsourcing your histology services.

4) Poor communication between lab personnel and the management

Ideally, the lab manager should lead the technical team and ensure the slides are prepared correctly and efficiently. However, poor communication between the two can delay your project. So, make sure there’s open communication and proper management before you hire your histology services.

Keep these things in mind to ensure your histology studies are on time and on the budget!

Toxicity Testing

Toxicology Studies: 5 Top Challenges for Animals in 2018

The number of animals used in toxicology studies is continuously increasing. Every year millions of experimental animals are sacrificed in the name of scientific research. Scientists across the world discuss about the pain, distress and death experienced by the animals during scientific experiments.

To save the decreasing number of animals on this earth, many alternatives to animal testing are proposed. However, much needs to be done in this aspect and save animals from the clutches of scientific experiments.

In this section, we discuss the 5 challenges which the animal models are bound to face in the upcoming years.

1) The killing of animals in military and medical training

There have been constant efforts to stop the Defence Services from using goats and pigs in training their medical personnel, but the brutal killing of these animals is still prevalent. The animals are shot with firearms, stabbed and crippled during such training. And all this is happening when alternatives to animal testing exist.

2) FDA Regulations still mandate animal testing

U.S. law now bans the use of animals in the chemical industry. It mandates the use and development of alternatives to animal testing. But, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lags on this. Current FDA regulations are age-old and haven’t been changed to support modern science. Many regulations still mandate animal testing before the clinical trials in humans. Though FDA and other federal agencies now acknowledge that animal tests fail to predict human outcomes in 95 percent cases, they haven’t updated their regulations yet.

3) Animal Research Organisations decrease protection for animals in labs

Organisations representing animal experimenters and their institutions aim to cut down protection for animals in laboratories. They seem to create an oversight system that will allow the laboratories to self-regulate. When federal laws and government enforcement are already weak, such a step from the organisations will further aggravate the problem of increased animal testing.

4) Limited funds for Human-based research

The government proposes to cut down the funds for EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Lack of funds will inhibit EPA to develop modern safety assessment methods; methods which do not use animals. This will put human-based research at stake and encourage the use of animals.

5) Difficulty in procuring High-Quality Human Cells and Tissues For Research

Though people understand the reasons for human-based research or why to use human cells and tissues, few know how these tissues are obtained for research. The by-products of surgery are one source of human cells and tissues. Second, you can donate your tissue after death for research which otherwise would be discarded. However, many people are not aware of the second option. Thus, there’s a need to educate the public and begin a discussion on the best practices for tissue procurement.

Therefore, to save the future of human-based research and decrease animal testing in toxicology studies, the stakeholders of the drug development process must come together and look into these challenges seriously.

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