FDA approves new drug to treat Hepatitis C
Categories Medical news

FDA approves new drug to treat Hepatitis C

Nearly 2.7 to 3.9 million Americans are suffering from Hepatitis C, a disease that progresses slowly over decades without showing any symptoms unless it causes severe damage to the liver. Without treatment, it can either result in death or liver failure or cancer requiring a liver transplant.

Till now, Hepatitis C was treated with a combination of shots and pills without an effective cure and side-effect of flu-like symptoms. This was followed by pill-only medicines by Gilead in 2013 that brought cure in 12 weeks for more than 90 percent of the patients. However, the cost of treatment was huge (approx. $94,500) and strained the country’s insurance and health schemes.

Considering the scenario, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, has come up with the drug Mavyret, that combines two drugs in one pill and has been approved by the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients not improved by prior treatment or in adults without significant liver cirrhosis.
Testing has shown to cure 97.5% patients and 98% patients with severe kidney damage after eight and twelve weeks of treatment respectively.

Mavyret has been priced well below the other approved drugs. “For marketing purpose, the company will initially focus on getting the coverage approved by Medicare, Medicaid and the Veterans Administration”, said AbbVie spokesman Morry Smulevitz.

Mavyret is the latest drug that cures all six types of Hepatitis C as compared to the other drugs that treat only one or few types of Hepatitis C in certain stages of the disease.

Stents in Future Heart Surgeries May be Coated With Erectile Dysfunction Drug
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Stents in Future Heart Surgeries May be Coated With Erectile Dysfunction Drug

Stents are metal or plastic tubes used in heart surgeries to open the narrowed coronary arteries and keep them so in future. However, bare metal stents cause restenosis or narrowing of the artery again after few years.

Second- and third-generation drug-eluting stents counteract this problem, but can lead to clumping of blood platelets and clot formation near the stent. To overcome this problem, a team of researchers led by Han-Mo Yang, Seoul National University Hospital conducted a study on animals where stents used for heart surgery were coated by the drug phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE 5) inhibitor. The drug was initially developed to treat high blood pressure and patient follow-ups revealed an additional benefit of improvement in erectile dysfunction.

The researchers observed a decline in platelet clotting by 30% and an increase in the activity of the enzyme protein kinase G (PKG). This enzyme is known to prevent thickening and narrowing of arteries after any injury such as stent placement. Placing a stent reduces PKG activity in the body but a stent coated with the drug can increase the activity of PKG enzyme and prevent thickening of the arteries after surgery.

“If these effects are reproduced in human clinical trials, it can be used to coat stents in future heart surgeries or given orally after a stent placement because the efficacy and safety of the drug have already been established for other purposes” explains Yang.

Can Your Heartburn Drugs Cost Your Life
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Can Your Heartburn Drugs Cost Your Life?

Millions of people around the globe are taking heartburn and indigestion medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). These drugs neutralize the acid in the stomach and are widely prescribed by the physicians, with low doses available even without prescription.

However, Ziyad Al-Aly, an epidemiologist from the University of Washington and co-author of a study said, “We saw a small excess risk of dying that could be attributed to the PPI drug, and the risk increased the longer anyone takes them. The risk is also higher in those who take the drug unnecessarily.”

The team of researchers followed 350,000 American participants of different age and sex for five years and compared those taking PPIs with those taking another acid suppressant like H2 blocker. The individual condition of the participant like high blood pressure or HIV was also taken into account.

The results revealed a 25% higher risk of death in those who took PPIs than those who took H2 blocker; 15% higher risk than those not taking PPIs and 23% higher risk than those not taking any acid suppressant.

Gareth Corbett, a gastroenterologist from Addenbrooke’s hospital in Cambridge cautioned against the panic created by this study, as he believes in the effectiveness of PPIs in controlling bleeding in gastric ulcers.

However, Corbett and the researchers agreed on the use of PPIs only when necessary and advised patients to stop using them when not required, after consulting the physician.

Immunotherapy In Type 1 Diabetes
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A Landmark Trial Establishes The Safety Of Immunotherapy In Type 1 Diabetes

Nearly 5% of the population in the  United States suffers from type 1 diabetes; an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system specifically fails to recognize pancreas’ insulin producing beta cells and mistakenly attacks them.

In the absence of sure shot treatment and the dearth of studies on immunotherapy, Dr Mohammad Alhadj Ali, Cardiff University School of Medicine, U.K., and Mark Peakman, professor of clinical immunology at King’s College London, conducted a study on the possible benefits of immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes.

Dr Ali and his team examined the effect of the immunotherapy molecule, proinsulin peptide, in 27 diabetic people within a period of 100 days. The participants were divided into two groups – one receiving the shots of immunotherapy and the other receiving placebo for 6 months at 2 or 4 weeks interval. Their markers of insulin, C-peptide levels were tested at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and compared with baseline levels.

In the end, the placebo group revealed a significant decline in their C-peptide levels and about 50% increase in insulin intake over a period of 12 months. On the other hand, the group that received immunotherapy shots had stable C-peptide levels and insulin intake.

This led Prof. Peakman to conclude, “Though the sample size for research was small, it has encouraged the researchers to conduct a larger study in future. Moreover, immunotherapy has been found safe for people with type 1 diabetes and may be acceptable in children as well as in long periods of treatment.”

High-Fat Diet and Colorectal Cancer
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Long Awaited Link Between High-Fat Diet and Colorectal Cancer Found

Colorectal cancer, the cancer that originates in the colon or rectum, is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the United States. A plethora of studies have established a link between consumption of high-fat diet and increased risk of colorectal cancer, but the mechanism of this association was till now obscure.

As reported in the journal, Stem Cell Reports, researchers from the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio have unfolded this mechanism. In a study that utilized mice as the models, researchers have been able to identify a pathway that drives the growth of cancer stem cells in their colon in response to a high-fat diet.

Feeding the mice with high-fat diet increased the growth of cancer stem cells in their colon. Furthermore, researchers identified a cellular signalling pathway, JAK2-STAT3 that drives the growth of cancer stem cells in the colon in response to a high-fat diet. Blocking this pathway reversed the growth of cancer stem cells in colon triggered by consuming a high-fat diet.

The study was co-authored by Dr Matthew Kalady, co-director of the Comprehensive Colorectal Cancer Program at the Cleveland Clinic. “This study is first of its kind that mediates a link between high-fat diet and colorectal cancer through the demonstration of a cellular pathway; a discovery that opens the gates to new ways of treating colorectal cancer”, says Dr Kalady.

Another co-author, Justin D. Lathia further appreciates it as an insight into the influence of diet on cancer stem cells in advanced cancers.